About Pseudoliparis swirei

The Mariana snailfish or Mariana hadal snailfish Pseudoliparis swirei is a species of snailfish found in the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific Ocean. It is known from a depth range of 6,198–8,076 m,which is possibly the record for a fish caught on the seafloor. Various anatomical, physiological, molecular and genetic adaptions help this species survive in such depths. It is abundant in their deep-sea habitat and has several unusual adaptions for its dark and high pressure habitat, including transparent skin that lacks pigment, certain organs and eggs that are enlarged, the muscles are thinner, the ossification of its bones (notably the skull) is incomplete.

Classification

Animalia (Kingdom); Chordata (Phylum); Vertebrata (Subphylum); Gnathostomata (Infraphylum); Osteichthyes (Parvphylum); Actinopterygii (Gigaclass); Actinopteri (Superclass); Teleostei (Class); Perciformes (Order); Cottoidei (Suborder); Liparidae (Family); Pseudoliparis (Genus); Pseudoliparis swirei (Species)

Original Name

Pseudoliparis swirei Gerringer & Linley, 2017

Key Reference Paper

1. Gerringer M E, Linley T D, Jamieson A J, et al. Pseudoliparis swirei sp. nov.: a newly-discovered hadal snailfish (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from the Mariana Trench[J]. Zootaxa, 2017, 4358(1): 161–177-161–177. (Gerringer et al., 2017)

Description

Holotype is immature. Ripe females had eggs up to 9.4 mm diameter, among the largest teleost eggs recorded, 0.4 mm smaller than the largest record. The eggs were unsorted within gonad, with the largest eggs free and interspersed within a matrix of smaller eggs. No developmental structures were visible within even the largest eggs. Two distinct size classes of eggs present with up to 23 large eggs (>5 mm) and up to 851 small eggs of less than half the diameter of the larger size class. There were rarely intermediate stages (Figure 7). Individuals with only small eggs had maximum egg sizes ranging from 0.7 to 1.4 mm. Genital papilla visible in freshly collected males, oriented anteriorly

Etymology

The Mariana Trench famously houses the ocean’s deepest point, at Challenger Deep, named for the HMS Challenger expedition which discovered the trench in 1875. Their deepest sounding of 8,184 m, then the greatest known ocean depth, was christened Swire Deep after Herbert Swire, the ship’s First Navigating Sublieutenant (Corfield 2003). We name this fish in his honor, in acknowledgment and gratitude of the crew members that have supported oceanographic research throughout history

Distribution

Known only from the Mariana Trench at capture depths from 6,898–7,966 m, individuals likely this species were recognized in video at depths 6,198–8,098 m


Basic Information
SpeciesPhylumCommon NameEcosystemDepthHabitatNCBI Taxonomy ID
Pseudoliparis swireiChordatahadal snailfishDeep sea7,254the Mariana Trench (142°26′E, 11°07′N)2059687

Genome Assembly Information
Genome AssemblyGenome SizeAssembly levelReleased yearWGS accessionSubmitterBioProjectBUSCO completeness (%)Scaffold/Contig N50 (kb)GC content (%)Repeat Rate (%)Gene Number
NWPU_hadal_v1626.4MbChromosome2023JANBZZ01Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityPRJNA85295196.00 25,738/4,21944-21,161

References
TitleJournalPubmed ID
Chromosome-level genome assembly of hadal snailfish reveals mechanisms of deep-sea adaptation in vertebratesElife38134226

Gene Information

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Gene IDDescription
HS05741TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL ION CHANNEL PROTEIN
HS05742-
HS05743UNCHARACTERIZED
HS05744REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN
HS05745MEVALONATE KINASE
HS05746CORRINOID ADENOSYLTRANSFERASE
HS05747ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE
HS05748UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASE E3C
HS05749BTB/POZ DOMAIN-CONTAINING ADAPTER FOR CUL3-MEDIATED RHOA DEGRADATION PROTEIN FAMILY MEMBER
HS05750MYOSIN
HS05751FORKHEAD BOX PROTEIN N1
HS05752ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE, ISOFORM A
HS05753DNA POLYMERASE EPSILON CATALYTIC SUBUNIT A
HS05754P2X PURINOCEPTOR
HS05755PESCADILLO - RELATED
HS05756GALACTOSE-3-O-SULFOTRANSFERASE
HS05757LEUCINE-ZIPPER-LIKE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR 1
HS05758CLAUDIN
HS05759APOPTOSIS-INDUCING FACTOR 1
HS05760TRANSMEMBRANE GTPASE FZO1
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