About Pseudoliparis swirei

The Mariana snailfish or Mariana hadal snailfish Pseudoliparis swirei is a species of snailfish found in the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific Ocean. It is known from a depth range of 6,198–8,076 m,which is possibly the record for a fish caught on the seafloor. Various anatomical, physiological, molecular and genetic adaptions help this species survive in such depths. It is abundant in their deep-sea habitat and has several unusual adaptions for its dark and high pressure habitat, including transparent skin that lacks pigment, certain organs and eggs that are enlarged, the muscles are thinner, the ossification of its bones (notably the skull) is incomplete.

Classification

Animalia (Kingdom); Chordata (Phylum); Vertebrata (Subphylum); Gnathostomata (Infraphylum); Osteichthyes (Parvphylum); Actinopterygii (Gigaclass); Actinopteri (Superclass); Teleostei (Class); Perciformes (Order); Cottoidei (Suborder); Liparidae (Family); Pseudoliparis (Genus); Pseudoliparis swirei (Species)

Original Name

Pseudoliparis swirei Gerringer & Linley, 2017

Key Reference Paper

1. Gerringer M E, Linley T D, Jamieson A J, et al. Pseudoliparis swirei sp. nov.: a newly-discovered hadal snailfish (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from the Mariana Trench[J]. Zootaxa, 2017, 4358(1): 161–177-161–177. (Gerringer et al., 2017)

Description

Holotype is immature. Ripe females had eggs up to 9.4 mm diameter, among the largest teleost eggs recorded, 0.4 mm smaller than the largest record. The eggs were unsorted within gonad, with the largest eggs free and interspersed within a matrix of smaller eggs. No developmental structures were visible within even the largest eggs. Two distinct size classes of eggs present with up to 23 large eggs (>5 mm) and up to 851 small eggs of less than half the diameter of the larger size class. There were rarely intermediate stages (Figure 7). Individuals with only small eggs had maximum egg sizes ranging from 0.7 to 1.4 mm. Genital papilla visible in freshly collected males, oriented anteriorly

Etymology

The Mariana Trench famously houses the ocean’s deepest point, at Challenger Deep, named for the HMS Challenger expedition which discovered the trench in 1875. Their deepest sounding of 8,184 m, then the greatest known ocean depth, was christened Swire Deep after Herbert Swire, the ship’s First Navigating Sublieutenant (Corfield 2003). We name this fish in his honor, in acknowledgment and gratitude of the crew members that have supported oceanographic research throughout history

Distribution

Known only from the Mariana Trench at capture depths from 6,898–7,966 m, individuals likely this species were recognized in video at depths 6,198–8,098 m


Basic Information
SpeciesPhylumCommon NameEcosystemDepthHabitatNCBI Taxonomy ID
Pseudoliparis swireiChordatahadal snailfishDeep sea7,254the Mariana Trench (142°26′E, 11°07′N)2059687

Genome Assembly Information
Genome AssemblyGenome SizeAssembly levelReleased yearWGS accessionSubmitterBioProjectBUSCO completeness (%)Scaffold/Contig N50 (kb)GC content (%)Repeat Rate (%)Gene Number
NWPU_hadal_v1626.4MbChromosome2023JANBZZ01Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityPRJNA85295196.00 25,738/4,21944-21,161

References
TitleJournalPubmed ID
Chromosome-level genome assembly of hadal snailfish reveals mechanisms of deep-sea adaptation in vertebratesElife38134226

Gene Information

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Gene IDDescription
HS05761SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 2
HS05762RNA-BINDING MOTIF PROTEIN 14B
HS05763PHOSPHOLIPASE B-RELATED
HS05764TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN 248-LIKE
HS05765ZINC FINGER CW-TYPE COILED-COIL DOMAIN PROTEIN 1
HS05766ACYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE
HS05767NA+/CA2+ K+ INDEPENDENT EXCHANGER
HS05768-
HS05769TWO PORE CALCIUM CHANNEL PROTEIN 1
HS05770IQ DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN D
HS05771UNCHARACTERIZED
HS05772SI:CH211-196P9.1-RELATED
HS05773T-BOX PROTEIN-RELATED
HS05774TANDEM PH DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN
HS05775TRANSFORMING ACIDIC COILED-COIL CONTAINING PROTEIN 1/2
HS05776PA-PL1 PHOSPHOLIPASE FAMILY
HS05777EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 3 SUBUNIT EIF-3
HS05778SRR1-LIKE PROTEIN
HS05779TUFTELIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN 11-RELATED
HS05780FMS INTERACTING PROTEIN
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