Hirondellea gigas is a species of amphipod crustacean found in the hadal zone of the Pacific Ocean, particularly in the Mariana Trench. It is adapted to extreme deep-sea environments, living at depths exceeding 10,000 meters where pressures are immense and temperatures are near freezing. This species feeds on organic matter that sinks to the ocean floor, playing a crucial role in the deep-sea ecosystem as a scavenger. Its unique adaptations, such as a lightweight exoskeleton and specialized enzymes, allow it to survive and thrive in one of the most extreme habitats on Earth.
Animalia (Kingdom); Arthropoda (Phylum); Crustacea (Subphylum); Multicrustacea (Superclass); Malacostraca (Class); Eumalacostraca (Subclass); Peracarida (Superorder); Amphipoda (Order); Amphilochidea (Suborder); Lysianassida (Infraorder); Lysianassidira (Parvorder); Lysianassoidea (Superfamily); Hirondelleidae (Family); Hirondellea (Genus); Hirondellea gigas (Species)
Tetronychia gigas Birstein & M. Vinogradov, 1955
1. Birstein J A, Vinogradov M E. Pelagicheskie gammaridy (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) Kurilo-Kamchatskoi Vpadiny[J]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, 1955, 12: 219-257. (Birstein et al., 1955)
Philippine Trench from Philippine Sea, Mariana Trench from North Pacific Ocean and Kuril-Kamchatka Trench
| Species | Phylum | Common Name | Ecosystem | Depth | Habitat | NCBI Taxonomy ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hirondellea gigas | Arthropoda | - | Deep sea | 6,800-11,000 | Mariana Trench in the northwestern Pacific Ocean | 1518452 |
| Genome Assembly | Genome Size | Assembly level | Released year | WGS accession | Submitter | BioProject | BUSCO completeness (%) | Scaffold/Contig N50 (kb) | GC content (%) | Repeat Rate (%) | Gene Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | 13.92Gb | Chromosome | 2025 | CNA0142381 | - | CNP0005374 | 89.34 | 458,700/466.1 | 38.8 | 72.75 | 27,881 |
| Title | Journal | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|
| The amphipod genome reveals population dynamics and adaptations to hadal environment | Cell | 40054448 |
| Gene ID | Description |
|---|---|
| Hgig_02216 | REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN |
| Hgig_02217 | HISTONE-LYSINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE SMYD |
| Hgig_02218 | TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT TC3 TRANSPOSASE-LIKE PROTEIN |
| Hgig_02219 | HYPERKINETIC, ISOFORM M |
| Hgig_02220 | - |
| Hgig_02221 | 26S PROTEASOME NON-ATPASE REGULATORY SUBUNIT 13 |
| Hgig_02222 | TUBULIN POLYGLUTAMYLASE |
| Hgig_02223 | - |
| Hgig_02224 | SPHINGOMYELINASE FAMILY MEMBER |
| Hgig_02225 | - |
| Hgig_02226 | REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN |
| Hgig_02227 | - |
| Hgig_02228 | - |
| Hgig_02229 | - |
| Hgig_02230 | - |
| Hgig_02231 | - |
| Hgig_02232 | - |
| Hgig_02233 | ISOPENTENYL-DIPHOSPHATE DELTA-ISOMERASE |
| Hgig_02234 | TRANSPOSON TY3-I GAG-POL POLYPROTEIN |
| Hgig_02235 | RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN L5-RELATED |
